english grammar

Sections & IntroTests and Quizzes
Guide to Punctuation
Which is the 'Best' English?
About the author
Grammar CategoriesAdjectives
Adverbs
Determiners
Direct and Indirect Speech
Gerund and Present Participle (ing form)
Nouns
Passive
Possessive
Relative Clauses
The Infinitive
To Get
Verbs and Verb Tenses


AdjectivesMain Menu
Form - adjectives
Function
Order
comparatives & superlatives
Irregular comparatives & superlatives
The + superlative
comparative + than
as + adjective + as
not as + adjective + as
Comparisons of quantity - menu
Comparisons of quantity - showing difference
Comparisons of quantity - showing no difference



AdverbsFunction
Form - adverb
Comparative form
Manner
Place
Main Menu
Menu
Degree - enough,very,too,extremely,almost etc
Certainty
Viewpoint, commenting
Interrogative - why,where,how,when
Relative adverbs - which,what,whose
Time



DeterminersMenu - function and class
The definite article
the,a,an
Exceptions to using the definite article
Demonstratives - this,that,these,those etc
Possessives
Menu - quantifiers
Quantifiers 2 - many,much,more,most etc.
Quantifiers 7 - Enough
Quantifiers 4 - Numbers
Distributives - Menu
Distributives - each, every, either, neither
Difference words - other,another
Question words - which,what,whose
Defining words - which,whose
Pre-determiners
The indefinite article
Quantifiers 3 - how,much,many,few,lot etc.
Quantifiers 1 - determiners,a few,few,a little,little
Quantifiers 5 - Some and Any
Quantifiers 6 - something,somebody,someone etc.
Distributives - all, both, half



Direct and Indirect SpeechIntroduction
tense changes
changes of time and place reference
Reporting questions
Reporting orders, requests, suggestions
Reporting hopes and intentions
Summary of reporting verbs



Gerund and Present Participle (ing form)Introduction
As present participle
Gerunds
Verbs followed by gerund
Gerund or infinitive?
Gerund/infinitive - difference in meaning



NounsNoun Gender
Plurals
Countable & Uncountable
Compound nouns
Use of Capital letters
Nationalities
Menu - nouns



PassiveForm -past
Function
Get/have something done, x needs doing
Active/passive equivalents



Possessivepossessive



Relative ClausesIntroduction
Defining relative clauses
prepositions in relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses



The InfinitiveForm, with or without 'To'
Zero infinitive
negative infinitive
Infinitive after question words
Function
Other forms of infinitive
Verbs followed by infinitive
Verbs followed by noun + infinitive
Verbs + infinitive with/without noun



To Getget,got,getting
Examples



Verbs and Verb TensesSummary
Simple Present
Present continuous
Present Perfect 1
Present Perfect 2
Present perfect 3
Present perfect 4
Present perfect continous
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Future forms - Introduction
Future forms - Simple future
Present continuous for future events
Simple present for future events
Future with 'Going to'
Future continuous
Future perfect
Future perfect continuous
Other forms of future
IF Sentences with If,condtional tenses
Zero conditional
Type 1 conditional
If sentences with If + past,would,present condtional
If setences with present continuous conditional
If sentences with perfect conditional,if + past perfect
If sentences with Conditional perfect continuous
If sentences with mixed conditionals
If sentences with if+not,unless,verbs
If sentences with wish,would rather,suppose,what if,if only
Menu / Introduction

por: albert yesid niño ch.

Verbos regulares

to good: aceptar
to accept: aceptar
to ache: doler
to add: añadir, sumar
to admire: admirar
to admit: admitir
to advertise: avisar, anunciar
to advise: aconsejar
to agree: acordar, concretar
to allow: permitir, consentir
to amuse: entretener, distraer
to answer: responder, contestar
to apologize: disculparse
to appear: aparecer, semejar
to arrange: arreglar, ordenar
to arrive: arribar, llegar
to ask: preguntar, pedir
to attack: atacar
to attend: asistir
to bake: cocer (en horno)
to bathe: bañar, lavar
to believe: creer, entender
to belong: pertenecer
to boil: hervir
to breathe: respirar
to brush: cepillar
to call: llamar, visitar
to carry: llevar
to change: cambiar
to chat: charlar
to clean: limpiar
to clear: aclarar, despejar
to climb: trepar, escalar
to complain: lamentarse, quejarse
to cook: cocinar
to cool: enfriar
to cough: toser
to count: contar
to course: perseguir, correr
to cover: cubrir
to crawl: arrastrarse
to cross: cruzar
to cry: gritar, llorar
to dance: bailar
darn: zurcir
date: datar, fijar fecha
deceive: engañar
decide: decidir
decrease: decrecer, reducir
defeat: derrotar, vencer
defy: desafiar, provocar
delay: retardar, diferir
deny: negar
develop: desenvolver, desarrollar
die: morir
dine: cenar
dirty: ensuciar
disagree: estar en desacuerdo
discover: descubrir
dislike: disgustar (no gustar)
dive: bucear, zambullirse
drop: gotear, dejar caer
dry: secar
dye: teñir
earn: ganar (dinero)
employ: usar, emplear
empty: vaciar
enjoy: disfrutar
escape: huir, escapar
excuse: dispensar
explain: explicar
fail: engañar, quebrar, fallar
fear: temer
finish: acabar
fish: pescar
fit: ajustar, acomodar
follow: seguir, proseguir
fry: freír
gamble: jugarse (el dinero)
grease: engrasar, untar
greet: felicitar, saludar
guess: adivinar, acertar
hang: ahorcar
happen: acontecer, ocurrir
haste(n): darse prisa
hate: odiar
heat: calentar
help: ayudar, socorrer
hire: alquilar
hurry: acelerar, apresurar, apurarse
import: importar
improve: mejorar, perfeccionarse
increase: aumentar
inquire: preguntar, averiguar
insure: asegurar, garantizar
iron: planchar
join: juntar, unir
joke: bromear
judge: juzgar
jump: saltar
kill: matar
kiss: besar
knock: golpear, llamar (con los puños)
land: desembarcar, pisar tierra
last: durar, subsistir
laugh: reír
lie: mentir
lift: alzar, elevar
like: gustar, agradar
listen: escuchar
live: vivir
load: cargar
lock: cerrar, encerrar
lodge: alojar, hospedar
look: mirar, buscar, parecerse
love: amar
manage: manejar, dirigir
marry: casar, casarse
mend: componer, reparar
milk: ordeñar
mince: desmenuzar, pronunciar con afectación
mind: reparar, observar
mix: mezclar
move: mover
murder: matar, asesinar
nail: clavar
name: nombrar
need: necesitar
neglect: descuidar, omitir
obey: obedecer
obtain: obtener, adquirir
occupy: ocupar, estar en (habitar)
offer: ofrecer
open: abrir, destapar
order: ordenar, encargar, mandar
owe: deber, estar obligado a
pack: empaquetar
paint: pintar
pardon: perdonar, excusar
pass: pasar, exceder
pick: escoger, entresacar, picar
place: colocar, poner, situar
play: jugar, ejecutar música
please: deleitar, agradar
plough: arar
point: apuntar, señalar
posses: poseer
post: anunciar por carteles, echar al correo
pour: verter, escanciar
pray: rogar, pedir, rezar
pretend: aparentar, pretender
print: imprimir
produce: producir
prove: probar, justificar
provide: proveer
pull: tirar de (hacia sí), arrancar
punish: castigar
push: empujar
rain: llover
reach: alcanzar, llegar a
refer: referir, remitir
regret: sentir, lamentar
remain: permanecer, persistir
remember: recordar, tener presente
remind: acordar, hacer presente
remove: remover, cambiar de sitio
rent: alquilar
rest: descansar, dormir
return: regresar, devolver
reward: premiar, recompensar
rinse: enjuagar, aclarar con agua
ripen: madurar
roast: asar, tostar
sail: navegar
save: salvar, ahorrar
scratch: rascar, arañar
seem: parecer
serve: servir, convenir
shake: sacudir, agitar
sharpen: afilar, amolar
ship: embarcar
shop: ir de compras
show: mostrar, presentar
shut: cerrar
sin: pecar
slip: resbalar
smile: sonreír
smoke: fumar, humear
sneeze: estornudar
sound: sonar, tocar, pulsar
spoil: estropear, despojar, mimar
start: iniciar, empezar a moverse
stay: quedarse, pararse
stop: detener, parar
study: estudiar
suceed: suceder, tiunfar, salir a delante
suffer: sufrir
supply: suplir, suministrar
switch: conmutar (la luz)
talk: hablar
taste: gustar, probar
thank: agradecer
threaten: amenazar
tie: atar, anudar
toast: brindar, tostar
touch: tocar
trade: comerciar, negociar
translate: traducir
travel: viajar, navegar
trust: confiar, dar crédito
turn: volver, convertir
use: usar, emplear
visit: visitar, ir a ver
wait: esperar, aguardar
walk: andar, caminar, pasearse
want: necesitar, carecer de
warn: avisar, prevenir
wash: lavar, bañar
waste: malgastar, derrochar
watch: velar, vigilar
weigh: pesar, examinar
wet: mojar
whistle: silbar
wish: desear, querer
work: trabajar
worry: acosar, molestar, inquietarse
[editar] Otros verbos regulares
abandon: abandonar
abbreviate: abreviar
absorb: absorber
abuse: abusar
accompany: acompañar
accomplish: efectuar, llevar a cabo
accord: conceder
account: considerar
accuse: acusar
acknowledge:quiero miar
acquire: adquirir
adjoin: juntar, unir, lindar
advance: avanzar
affirm: afirmar
affix: fijar, pegar
afford: poder soportar
agitate: agitar
aid: ayudar
allot: repartir, distribuir
amass: acumular
amaze: asombrar
amend: reformarse, corregirse
amount: importar (un precio)
anger: enfandar, enfurecer
announce: anunciar
annoy: molestar, enojar
appeal: llamar, apelar
apply: aplicar, acomodar
appoint: señalar, asignar
appreciate: apreciar
approach: acercarse, aproximarse
approve: aprobar, consentir
argue: discutir, alegar
arouse: despertar, mover
assail: asaltar, acometer
assure: asegurar, afirmar
attach: pegar, juntar
attain: alcanzar
attemp: intentar
authorize: autorizar
avoid: evitar, salvar
await: aguardar
beam: destellar, fulgurar
beautify: hermosear(se)
befool: engañar, burlarse
beg: mendigar, rogar
beseech: suplicar, rogar
bet: apostar
betray: traicionar
blast: marchitar, secar, volar
bless: bendecir
blind: cegar, deslumbrar
bloom: florecer
blossom: florecer
breakfast: desayunar
bury: enterrar
care: cuidar
caress: acariciar
cause: causar
certify: atestiguar
charge: cargar
charm: embelesar, encantar
chase: perseguir
chew: masticar
claim: reclamar, demandar
close: cerrar
coil: enrollar
comb: peinar
commence: comenzar
compel: obligar, apremiar
compound: componer, arreglar
conceal: esconder, desmentir
contend: disputar
content: contentar, satisfacer
contrive: inventar, imaginar
corn: curar, sanar
covet: codiciar, apetecer
crash: fracasar, romper, estallar
crush: aplastar
curl: rizar
damage: dañar
damn: condenar
dare: atreverse, osar, desafiar, provocar
dash: arrojar, rociar
dawn: amanecer
deafen: ensordecer
debit: cargar, adeudar
decease: morir, fallecer
deepen: profundizar
defer: diferir
deflect: desviar
delight: deleitar, agradar
deliver: entregar
desire: desear
destroy: destruir
detach: destacar, despegar
detain: detener
detest: odiar
dice: jugar a los dados
disguise: disfrazar
distress: angustiar, afligir
disturb: disturbar, molestar
doubt: dudar
drag: arrastrar
drizzle: lloviznar
elope: fugarse, escaparse (con un amante)
embrace: abrazar
embroider: bordar
encourage: animar
end: acabar
enervate: enervar
engage: comprometer
enter: entrar, ingresar
enterprise: emprender
envelop: envolver, cubrir
erase: borrar
expel: arrojar, despedir
expend: expender, emplear
fill: llenar, henchir
fire: encender, disparar
flatter: adular, halagar
free: libertar
furnish: surtir, proveer
gain: ganar
gaze: contemplar, encandilarse
glance: mirar de soslayo
glare: mirar con ojos penetrantes
glue: encolar, pegar
grasp: agarrar
groan: gemir, suspirar
grope: andar a tientas, palpar
hail: aclamar, vivar
halt: mandar hacer alto
hand: dar, alargar (a la mano)
harm: dañar, agraviar
hash: picar, desmenuzar
hearten: animar, alentar
hint: apuntar, sugerir
hunt: cazar
idle: haraganear
issue: editar, lanzar
joint: reunir, agregar
kick: patear, dar coces
kidnap: secuestrar
knoll: doblar las campanas
knot: anudar, enmarañar
label: clasificar, rotular
lack: carecer
lash: azotar
lengthen: alargar, extender
lighten: iluminar, alumbrar, aliviar
limp: cojear
loose: desatar, desprender
lynch: linchar
match: igualar, emparejar
mesh: enredar, tomar con red
mill: moler
miscall: difamar
miss: perder (el tren, etc.), echar de menos
mist: empañar
moan: lamentar
moisten: humedecer
mope: dormitar, estar pensativo
mother: prohijar, adoptar hijos pequeños
motion: hacer señas (moviendose)
mutter: murmurar, rezongar
nod: cabecear, inclinar la cabeza (asintiendo)
oppose: oponer, resistir
parcel: partir, dividir
perform: ejecutar, poner por obra
pet: mimar
pierce: penetrar, acribillar
plunge: zambullirse
praise: celebrar, alabar
present: regalar, presentar
press: prensar, apremiar
pride: jactarse, enorgullecerse
prize: apreciar, estimar
proceed: proceder, proseguir
puzzle: embrollar, enredar, confundir
quarrel: reñir, disputar
quicken: vivificar, acelerar
raise: levantar, alzar
rate: tasar, fijar precio
ravish: atraer, seducir
reap: cosechar
record: registrar, inscribir, fijar en la memoria
recover: recuperar, rescatar
recruit: reclutar, alistar
rejoice: regocijar, alegrar
release: soltar, desprender
relieve: socorrer, redimir
relish: saborear, paladear
remark: observar, advertir
request: rogar, suplicar
rescue: librar, rescatar
research: investigar
scatter: esparcir, derramar
search: buscar
season: sazonar, condimentar
seat: asentar, establecer
seed: sementar, granar
shame: avergonzar
shape: modelar, dar forma
share: distribuir, repartir, compartir
shatter: romperse, destrozar
shiver: tiritar, tener escalofríos
shock: chocar, conmocionar
sicken: enfermar, dar asco
sigh: suspirar
sight: divisar, avistar a lo lejos
skate: patinar
sketch: abocetar, diseñar
slake: extinguir, apagar, moderar
smack: hacer ruido chupando, chasquear un beso
smash: aplastar
smooth: alisar, pulir
snore: roncar
soak: remojar, empapar
soap: enjabonar
soften: ablandar, suavizar
soil: ensuciar, manchar
sorrow: afligirse, entristecerse
span: medir a palmos, extenderse sobre
splash: salpicar, enlodar, rociar
squat: agazaparse, ocupar un lugar sin derecho
stain: manchar
steady: sostener, fijar, afirmar
step: andar (paso a paso)
stoop: agacharse
store: surtir, proveer, amontonar
stray: descarriarse, desviarse del deber
stream: correr, manar, fluir
strengthen: fortalecer, confortar
strecht: extender
struggle: luchar, bregar
stumble: tropezar
subdue: sojuzgar, subyugar
submit: someterse, rendirse
surrender: entregarse, renunciar, rendirse
swab: fregar, limpiar
swallow: tragar, engullir
tame: domar, amansar
tap: golpear ligeramente
test: expirementar, poner a prueba
thieve: robar, hurtar
thread: enhebrar, ensartar
thrill: emocionar
thunder: tronar
tire: cansar
trail: seguir el rastro
treat: tratar, convidar
tremble: temblar
trick: engañar
trim: componer, ataviar
trip: tropezar, echar la zancadilla
try: ensayar, probar
twist: torcer, trenzar
unbolt: descerrojar
underline: subrayar
unfasten: desatar, soltar
unite: unir, concordar
value:' valuar, tasar
vanish: desvanecerse, desaparecer
vary: cambiar, mudar
verify: verificar, comprobar
vex: vejar, molestar, inquietar
view: mirar, ver, examinar
void: anular, vaciar, viciar
wabble: balancearse, oscilar
wander: vagar, errar
water: regar, humedecer
wax: encerar
weaken: debilitar
wed: desposar, casar, contraer matrimonio
wheel: hacer rodar, rodar
whisper: susurrar, cuchichear
wonder: desear sabér, extrañar, maravillarse
wound: herir, lastimar, ofender
wrangle: reñir, disputar
wrinkle: arrugar
yawn: bostezar, anhelar
yearn: ambicionar, suspirar por
yell: vociferar, decir a gritos
yoke: unir, sojuzgar, apadrinar

por: Fabian Andres Silva Cristancho

En inglés, hay una serie de verbos cuyo Simple Past (Pasado Simple) y Past Participle (participio pasado) no siguen ninguna regla, y por lo tanto, son los llamados verbos irregulares. Aquí tienes una lista con todos ellos y ejemplos que ilustran estos verbos:

1) (to) arise: surgir, levantarse.
Simple Past: arose.
Past Participle: arisen.

Ex.: The sun has risen on the east. (El sol se ha levantado por el este).

2) (to) awake: despertarse.
Simple Past: awoke.
Past Participle: awoken.

Ex.: The boy had awaken when his parents arrived. (El chico se había despertado cuando llegaron sus padres).

3) (to) be/ am, are, is: ser, estar.
Simple Past: was / were.
Past Participle: been.

Ex.: Tom had been in London for three years. (Tom había estado en Londres durante tres años).

4) (to) bear: dar a luz, soportar.
Simple Past: bore.
Past Participle: born.

Ex.: Jill bore a big child last night. (Jill dio a luz a un niño grande anoche).

5) (to) beat: vencer, golpear.
Simple Past: beat.
Past Participle: beaten.

Ex.: James had beaten his brother's nose at the school.

6) (to) become: convertirse en, llegar a ser.
Simple Past: became.
Past Participle: become.

Ex.: Hugh had become a very good guitar player last year (Hugh se había convertido en un buen guitarrista el año pasado).

7) (to) begin: comenzar, empezar.
Simple Past: began.
Past Participle: begun.

Ex.: John has begun his career as an actor. John ha empezado su carrera como actor.

8) (to) bend: curvarse, doblar.
Simple Past: bent.
Past Participle: bent.

Ex.: Rachel has bent the knife this morning. (Rachel ha doblado el cuchillo esta mañana).

9) (to) bet: apostar.
Simple Past: bet.
Past Participle: bet.

Ex.: Holly has bet ten dollars for her favourite football team. (Holly ha apostado diez dólares por su equipo de fútbol favorito).

10) (to) bind: atar, encuadernar.
Simple Past: bound.
Past Participle: bound.

Ex.: The teachers had bound the book last semester. (Los profesores habían encuadernado el libro el semestre pasado).

11) (to) bid: pujar.
Simple Past: bid.
Past Participle: bid.

Ex.: Helen had bid for the bowl in the last auction. (Helen había pujado por el jarrón en la pasada subasta).

12) (to) bite: morder.
Simple Past: bit.
Past Participle: bitten.

Ex.: Ursula had bitten her brother when they were eight years old. (Úrsula había mordido a su hermano cuando los dos tenían ocho años).

13) (to) bleed: sangrar.
Simple Past: bled.
Past Participle: bled.

Ex.: Hugh's nose has bled all the morning.

14) (to) blow: soplar, hinchar.
Simple Past: blew.
Past Participle: blown.

Ex.: Gary had blown his birthday's candles at home. (Gary había soplado sus velas de cumpleaños en casa).

15) (to) break: romper.
Simple Past: broke.
Past Participle: broken.

Ex.: James had broken the glass last night. (James había roto el cristal anoche).

16) (to) breed: criar, alimentar.
Simple Past: bred.
Past Participle: bred.

Ex.: James has bred two horses in his farm. (James ha críado dos caballos en su granja).

17) (to) bring: traer, llevar.
Simple Past: brought.
Past Participle: brought.

Ex.: Jim had brought the bycicle to his house when I saw him (Jim había llevado la bicicleta a su casa cuando yo le vi).

(to) broadcast: emitir, radiar, difundir por la televisión.
Simple Past: broadcast.
Past Participle: broadcast.

Ex.: The BBC has broadcast the show this morning. (La BBC ha emitido el espectáculo esta mañana).

18) (to) build: construir, edificar
Simple Past: built.
Past Participle: built.

Ex.: John had built a house near Menorca last month. (John había construido/edificado una casa cerca de Menorca).

19-(to) burn: quemar, arder.
Simple Past: burnt /burned.
Past Participle: burnt / burned.

Ex.: Hugh has burnt the book when he has finished the exam. (Hugh ha quemado el libro cuando él ha acabado el examen).

20) (to) burst: reventar, estallar.
Simple Past: burst
Past Participle: burst.

Ex.: Yasmina has burst into tears this morning. (Yasmina ha estallado en lágrimas esta mañana).

21) (to) buy: comprar.
Simple Past: bought.
Past Participle: bought.

Ex.: The teacher had bought pencils for the exam. (La profesora había comprado lápices para el examen).

22) (to) cast: arrojar, tirar.
Simple Past: cast.
Past Participle: cast.

Ex.: My sister had cast the plant yesterday night. (Mi hermana había tirado la planta ayer por la noche).

23) (to) catch: coger.
Simple Past: caught.
Past Participle: caught.
Ex.: The boy had caught the bus when Molly arrived. (El chico había cogido el bus cuando llegó Molly).

24) (to) come: venir.
Simple Past: came.
Past Participle: come.

Ex.: Francis had come to my house when Susan arrived. (Francis había venido a mi casa cuando Susan llegó)

25) (to) cost: costar.
Simple Past: cost.
Past Participle: cost.

Ex.: The pencil has cost one euro. (El lápiz había costado un euro).

26) (to) cut: cortar.
Simple Past: cut.
Past Participle: cut.

Ex.: Ursula has cut the steak with a small knife. (Ursula ha cortado el filete con un cuchillo).

27) (to) choose: escoger, elegir.
Simple Past: chose.
Past Participle: chosen

28) (to) cling: agarrarse, aferrarse.
Simple Past: clung.
Past Participle: clung.

Ex.: The football player has clung to the stick this afternoon. (El jugador de fútbol se ha agarrado al palo esta tarde).

29) (to) creep: arrastrarse.
Simple Past: crept.
Past Participle; crept.

Ex.: The dog has crept on the floor all the morning. (El perro se ha arrastrado en el suelo toda la mañana).

30) (to) deal: tratar.
Simple Past: dealt.
Past Participle: dealt.

Ex.: Our factory has dealt with another important company. (Nuestra empresa ha tratado con otra compañía importante).

31) (to) dig: cavar.
Simple Past: dug
Past Participle: dug.

Ex.: Herbert has dug a hole in his garden. (Herbert ha cavado un agujero en su jardín).

32) (to) do/does: hacer.
Simple Past: did.
Past Participle: done.

Ex.: Muriel has done the homework at a friend's house. (Muriel ha hecho los deberes en casa de una amiga).

33) (to) draw: dibujar, pintar.
Simple Past: drew.
Past Participle: drawn.

Ex.: The little boy has drawn an elephant this morning. (El niño pequeño ha dibujado un elefante esta mañana).

34) (to) dream: soñar.
Simple Past: dreamt / dreamed.
Past Participle: dreamt / dreamed.

Ex.: Jules has dreamt all night. (Jules ha soñado toda la noche).

35) (to) drink: beber.
Simple Past: drank.
Past Participle: drunk.

Ex.: Hugh has drunk wine all the afternoon. (Hugh ha bebido vino toda la tarde).

36) (to) drive: conducir.
Simple Past: drove.
Past Participle: driven.

Ex.: You have driven to the beach this morning. (Tú has conducido hasta la playa esta mañana).

37) (to) eat: comer.
Simple Past: ate.
Past Participle: eaten.

Ex.: Helen has eaten a sandwich at home. (Helen ha comido un sandwich en casa).

38) (to) fall: caer/se.
Simple Past: fell.
Past Participle: fallen.

Ex.: Jim has fallen from the stairs when he has arrived home. (Jim se ha caído de las escaleras cuando él ha llegado a casa).

39) (to) feed: alimentar.
Simple Past: fed.
Past Participle: fed.

Ex.: Ulrich has fed his dogs with bread. (Ulrich ha alimentado a sus perros con pan.

40) (to) feel: sentir.
Simple Past: felt.
Past Participle: felt.

Ex.: James has felt love when he has seen the girl. (James ha sentido amor cuando ha visto a la chica).

41) (to) fight: luchar.

Simple Past: fought.
Past Participle: fought.

Ex.: The dog has fought against the cat. (El perro ha luchado contra el gato)

42) (to) find: encontrar.
Simple Past: found.
Past Participle: found.

43) (to) flee: huir.
Simple Past: fled.
Past Participle: fled.

Ex.: John has fled the country with his wife. (John ha huido del país con su mujer).

44) (to) fly: volar.
Simple Past: flew.
Past Participle: flown.

Ex.: Paul has flown from Barcelona to Paris this morning. (Paul ha volado de Barcelona a París esta mañana).

45) (to) forbid: prohibir.
Simple Past: forbade.
Past Participle: forbidden.

Ex.: Juliana has forbidden red dresses in her class.

46) (to) forget: olvidar.
Simple Past: forgot.
Past Participle: forgotten

Ex.: James has forgotten the key in the bar. (James ha olvidado la llave en el bar).

47) (to) forgive: perdonar.
Simple Past: forgave.
Past Participle: forgiven.

Ex.: Helmut has forgiven the mistake this month. (Helmut ha perdonado el error este mes).

48) (to) freeze: helar, congelar.
Simple Past: froze.
Past Participle: frozen.

Ex: The snow has frozen on the roof. (La nieve se ha helado en el tejado.

49) (to) get: conseguir, lograr, obtener.
Simple Past: got.
Past Participle: got / gotten.

Ex.: Mary has got a new bicycle this week. (Mary ha conseguido una nueva bicicleta esta semana).

50) (to) give: dar.
Simple Past: gave.
Past Participle: given.

Ex: Some boys have given a cake to the brown dog.

51) (to) go/ goes: ir.
Simple Past: went.
Past Participle: gone.

Ex.: A mouse has gone to his house this morning. (Un ratón ha ido a su casa esta mañana.

52) (to) grow: crecer.
Simple Past: grew.
Past participle: grown.

Ex.: The farmer has grown potatoes in his orchard. (El granjero ha cultivado patatas en su huerto).

53) (to) grind: moler.
Simple Past: ground.
Past Participle: ground.

Ex.: Robert has ground the coffee this month. (Robert ha molido el café este mes).


54) (to) hang: colgar.
Simple Past: hung.
Past Participle: hung.

Ex.: My sister has hung the picture on the wall. (Mi hermana ha colgado el cuadro en la pared).

55) (to) have : tener, haber.
Simple Past: had.
Past Participle: had.

Ex.: My friend has had a baby this morning. (Mi amiga ha tenido un bebé esta mañana).

56) (to) hear: oír.
Simple Past: heard.
Past Participle: heard.

Ex.: Jim has heard a bird on the roof this morning. (Jim ha oído un pájaro en el tejado esta mañana).

57) (to) hide: esconder, esconderse.
Simple Past: hid.
Past Participle: hidden.

Ex.: Gary has hidden the bread in his room. (Gary ha escondido el pan en su habitación).

58) (to) hit: golpear.
Simple Past: hit.
Past Participle: hit.

Ex.: John has hit the ball with his arm. (John ha golpeado la pelota con su brazo).

59) (to) hold: agarrar, celebrar.mantener, coger.
Simple Past: held.
Past Participle: held.

Ex.: The boss has held a meeting in the USA this week.
60) (to) hurt: herir, dañar.
Simple Past: hurt.
Past Participle: hurt.

Ex.: The elephant has hurt the tourist knee at the safari. (El elefante ha herido la rodilla del turista en el safari).

61) (to) keep: guardar, mantener.
Simple Past: kept.
Past Participle: kept.

Ex.: The woman has kept the milk in the fridge. (La mujer ha guardado la leche en la nevera).

62) (to) know: conocer, saber.
Simple Past: knew.
Past Participle: known.

Ex.: Umberto has known his wife since they were young. (Umberto conoce a su mujer desde que eran jóvenes).

63) (to) kneel: arrodillarse.
Simple Past: knelt.
Past Participle: knelt.

Ex.: The nun has knelt in the church.

64) (to) knit: hacer punto.
Simple Past: knit.
Past Participle: knit.

Ex.: The old woman has knit all the morning at her house. (La mujer mayor ha hecho punto toda la mañana en su casa).

65) (to) lay: poner.
Simple Past: laid.
Past Participle: laid.

Ex.: Her friends have laid a present beside the door. (Sus amigos han puesto un regalo al lado de la puerta).

66) (to) lead: conducir, dirigir.
Simple Past: led.
Past Participle: led.

Ex.: Yoko has lead the Japanese tourists to the cathedral this morning. (Yoko ha dirigido a los turistas japoneses a la catedral esta mañana).

67) (to) lean: apoyarse.
Simple Past: leant.
Past Participle: leant.

Ex.: The girls have leant on the wall this afternoon. (Las chicas se han apoyado en el muro esta tarde).

68) (to) leap: brincar.
Simple Past: leapt.
Past Participle: leapt.

Ex.: Your father has leapt when he has seen your new car. (Tu padre ha brincado cuando ha visto tu coche nuevo).

69) (to) learn: aprender.
Simple Past: learnt / learned.
Past Participle: learnt / learned.

Ex.: Yoshi has learnt Catalan this year. (Yoshi ha aprendido catalán este año).

70) (to) leave: dejar.
Simple Past: left.
Past Participle: left.

Ex.: My brother has left his flat this week. (Mi hermano ha dejado su piso este mes).

71) (to) lend: prestar.
Simple Past: lent.
Past Participle: lent.

Ex.: My neighbour has lent me his car to go to the supermarket. (Mi vecino me ha prestado su coche para ir al supermercado).
72) (to) let: dejar, permitir.
Simple Past: let.
Past Participle: let.

Ex.: Her sister has let me make an omelette in her house. (Su hermana me ha dejado hacer una tortilla en su casa).

73) (to) lie: echarse.
Simple Past: lay.
Past Participle: lain.

Ex.: Our family has lain on the grass after lunch. (Nuestra familia se ha echado en el césped después del almuerzo).

74) (to) light: encender.
Simple Past: lit.
Past Participle: lit.

Ex.: Anthony has lit a cigarette this morning. (Anthony ha encendido un cigarrillo esta mañana).

75) (to) lose: perder.
Simple Past: lost.
Past Participle: lost.

Ex.: The student has lost his books in the train. (El estudiante ha perdido sus libros en el tren).

76) (to) make: hacer, fabricar.
Simple Past: made.
Past Participle: made.

Ex.: The baker has made a big cake for his daughter's birthday. (El panadero ha hecho un gran pastel para el cumpleaños de su hija).

77) (to) mean: significar.
Simple Past: meant.
Past Participle: meant.

Ex.: Paul's leaving has meant a big loss for Susan. La partida de Paul ha significado una gran pérdida para Susan).
78) (to) meet: conocerse por primera vez, encontrarse.
Simple Past: met.
Past Participle: met.

Ex.: Anne has met a friend at the cinema. (Anne se ha encontrado a un amigo en el cine).

79) (to) mistake: errar, equivocarse.
Simple Past: mistook.
Past Participle: mistaken.

Ex.: They have mistaken one bag for another one. (Ellos han equivocado una cartera por otra).

80) (to) overcome: vencer.
Simple Past: overcame.
Past Participle: overcome.

Ex.: James has overcome his illness this year. (James ha superado su enfermedad este año).

81) (to) pay: pagar.
Simple Past: paid.
Past Participle: paid.

Ex.: Chrales has paid a thousand euros for a boat. (James ha pagado mil euros por una barca).

82) (to) put: poner.
Simple Past: put.
Past Participle: put.

Ex.: You have put the trousers inside the cupboard. (Tú has puesto los pantalones dentro del armario.

83) (to) read: leer.
Simple Past: read.
Past Participle: read.

Ex.: They have read Joseph's novel this semester. (Ellos han leído la novela de Joseph este semestre).
84) (to) ride: conducir, montar.
Simple Past: rode.
Past Participle: ridden.

Ex.: My friend has ridden a horse this week-end. (Mi amiga ha montado a caballo este fin de semana).

85) (to) ring: llamar (al timbre o por teléfono).
Simple Past: rang.
Past Participle: rung.

Ex.: The boy has rung Mary this afternoon. (El chico ha llamado a Mary esta tarde).

86) (to) rise: elevarse, levantarse.
Simple Past: rose.
Past Participle: risen.

Ex.: The sun has risen very early this morning. (El sol ha salido muy temprano esta mañana).

87) (to) run: correr.
Simple Past: ran.
Past Participle: run.

Ex.: Tim has run all the morning to practice some sport. (Tom ha corrido toda la mañana para practicar algo de deporte).

88) (to) say: decir.
Simple Past: said.
Past Participle: said.

Ex.: Gertrud has said no to her husband's command. (Gertrud ha dicho que no a la petición de su marido).

89) (to) see: ver.
Simple Past: saw.
Past Participle: seen.

Ex.: Harold has seen "Frida" this week. (Harold ha visto "Frida" esta semana).
90) (to) seek: buscar.

Simple Past: sought.
Past Participle: sought.

Ex.: John has sought his wallet at home. (John ha buscado su monedero en casa).

91) (to) sell: vender.
Simple Past: sold.
Past Participle: sold.

Ex.: Marius has sold his bicycle this morning. (Marius ha vendido su bicicleta esta mañana).

92) (to) send: enviar.
Simple Past: sent.
Past Participle: sent.

Ex.: The teacher has sent a letter to his pupils' parents. (El profesor ha enviado una carta a los padres de sus alumnos).

93) (to) set: poner (se)
Simple Past: set.
Past Participle: set.

Ex.: The sun has set at six this evening. (El sol se ha puesto a las seis esta tarde).

94) (to) sew: coser.
Simple Past: sewed.
Past Participle: sewed / sewn.

Ex.: My boyfriend's mother has sewed/sewn a very beautiful green dress.

95) (to) shake: sacudir.
Simple Past: shook.
Past Participle: shaken.

Ex.: The boy has shaken the bag at the school. (El chico ha sacudido la bolsa esta mañana).
96) (to) shear: esquilar.
Simple Past: shore.
Past Participle: shorn.

Ex.: The old man has shorn the sheep to get wool. (El hombre mayor ha esquilado a la oveja para conseguir lana).

97) (to) shine: brillar.
Simple Past: shone.
Past Participle: shone

Ex.: The sun has shone all the morning. (El sol ha brillado toda la mañana).

98) (to) shoot: disparar.
Simple Past: shot.
Past Participle: shot.

Ex: The tall man has shot the short one. (El hombre alto ha disparado al hombre bajo).

99) (to) show: enseñar, mostrar.
Simple Past: showed.
Past Participle: shown.

The director has shown his script to the actors. (El director ha mostrado su guión a los actores).

100) (to) shrink: encoger/se.
Simple Past: shrank.
Past Participle: shrunk.

Ex.: The shirt has shrunk inside the washing machine.

101) (to) shut: cerrar.
Simple Past: shut.
Past participle: shut.

Ex.: The shop has shut at eight this evening. (La tienda ha cerrado a las ocho esta tarde).

102) (to) sing: cantar.
Simple Past: sang.
Past Participle: sung.

Ex.: George Michael has sung a lot of songs in the show. (George Michael ha cantado un montón de canciones en el espectáculo).

103) (to) sink: hundirse.
Simple Past: sank.
Past Participle: sunk.

Ex.: The big ship has sunk in the Atlantic Ocean. (El gran barco se ha hundido en el Océano Atlántico).

104) (to) sit: sentar/se.
Simple Past: sat.
Past Participle: sat.

Ex.: Juliette has sat in front of her sister in the classroom. (Juliette se ha sentado en frente de su hermana en la clase).

105) (to) sleep: dormir.
Simple Past: slept.
Past Participle: The little baby has slept in her parents' bed. (El bebé ha dormido en la cama de sus padres).

106) (to) slide: deslizarse, resbalar.
Simple Past: slid.
Past Participle: slid.

107) (to) smell: oler.
Simple Past: smelt.
Past Participle: smelt.

Ex.: James has smelt the strawbeery cheese cake from his room. (James ha olido el pastel de queso con fresas desde su habitación).

108) (to) sow: sembrar.
Simple Past: sowed.
Past Participle: sowed / sown.

Ex.: The farmer has sowed/sown all the seeds this afternoon. (El granjero ha sembrado todas las semillas esta tarde).

109) (to) speak: hablar.
Simple Past: spoke.
Past Participle: spoken.

Ex.: Madonna has spoken to her manager because he was angry with her. (Madonna ha hablado con su manager porque él estaba enfadado con ella).

110) (to) speed: acelerar.
Simple Past: sped.
Past Participle: sped.

Ex.: Fonsi Nieto has sped his motorbike at the race. (Fonsi Nieto ha acelerado su moto en la carrera).

111) (to) spell: deletrear.
Simple Past: spelt.
Past Participle: spelt.

Ex.: Monica's baby has spelt her name this morning. (La niña de Mónica ha deletreado su nombre esta mañana).

112) (to) spend: gastar.
Simple Past: spent.
Past Participle: spent.

Ex.: Antonio Banderas and Melanie Griffith have spent their holidays at Malaga. (Antonio Banderas y Melanie Griffith han pasado sus vacaciones en Málaga).

113) (to) spill: derramar.
Simple Past: spilt / spilled.
Past Participle: spilt / spilled.

Ex.: The dog has spilled/spilt the oil on the floor. (El perro ha derramado el aceite en el suelo).

114) (to) spin: hilar.
Simple Past: spun.
Past Participle: spun.

Ex.: The dress maker has spun the shirt. (La sastra ha hilado la camisa).

115) (to) spit: escupir.
Simple Past: spat.
Past Participle: spat.

Ex.: The boy has spat at the bathroom after lunch. (El chico ha escupido en el baño después del almuerzo).

116) (to) split: hender, partir, rajar.
Simple Past: split.
Past Participle: split.

Ex.: The couple has split the melon at home. (La pareja ha partido el melón en su casa).

117) (to) spoil: estropear.
Simple Past: spoilt / spoiled.
Simple Past: spoilt / spoiled.

Ex.: My sister has spoilt the hair drier. (Mi hermana ha estropeado el secador).

118) (to) spread: extender.
Simple Past: spread.
Past Participle: spread.

Ex.: Tom has spread the butter on the bread. (Tom ha extendido la mantequilla en el pan).

119) (to) spring: saltar.
Simple Past: sprang.
Past Participle: sprung.

Ex.: The athlete has sprung from the balcony to the floor. (El atleta ha saltado desde el balcón hasta el suelo).

120) (to) stand: estar de pie.
Simple Past: stood.
Past Participle: stood.

Ex.: The teacher has stood in front of the student for half an hour. (El profesor ha estado de pie delante del alumno durante media hora).

121) (to) steal: robar.
Simple Past: stole.
Past Participle: stolen.

Ex.: The burglars have stolen a lot of pictures from the museum. (Los ladrones han robado muchos cuadros del museo).

122) (to) stick: pegar, engomar.
Simple Past: stuck.
Past Participle: stuck.

Ex.: Daniel has stick the picture on his notebook. (Daniel ha pegado el dibujo en su libreta).

123) (to) sting: picar.
Simple Past: stung.
Past Participle: stung.

Ex.: The wasp has stung the child at the swimming-pool. (La avispa ha picado al niño en la piscina).

124) (to stink: Apestar.
Simple Past: stank/stunk.
Past Participle: stunk.

Ex.: The old house has stunk all the week. (La casa vieja ha apestado toda la semana).

125) (to) stride: dar zancadas.
Simple Past: strode.
Past Participle: stridden.

Ex.: The tall boy has stridden in the garden. (El chico alto ha dado zancadas en el jardín).

126) (to) strike: golpear.
Simple Past: struck.
Past Participle: struck.

Ex.: The crazy fan has stroken Figo's head with a stick. (El fan loco ha golpeado la cabeza de Figo con un palo).

127) (to) swear: jurar.
Simple Past: swore.
Past Participle: sworn.

Ex.: My friends have sworn that they did not see the film. (Mis amigos han jurado que ellos no vieron la película).

128) (to) sweat: sudar.
Simple Past: sweat.
Past Participle: sweat.

Ex.: Anna Kournikova has sweat a lot in the match. (Anna Kournikova ha sudado mucho en el partido).

129) (to) sweep: barrer.
Simple Past: swept.
Past Participle: swept.

Ex.: Her father has swept the whole house this morning. (Su padre ha barrido toda la casa esta mañana).

130) (to) swell: hincharse.
Simple Past: swelled.
Past Participle: swollen.

Ex.: Harry's nose has swollen after the blow. (La nariz de Harry se ha hinchado después del golpe).

131) (to) swim: nadar.
Simple Past: swam.
Past Participle: swum.

Ex.: Edward has swum 3 kilometers this week. (Edward ha nadado 3 kilómetros esta semana).

132) (to) swing: columpiarse.
Simple Past: swung.
Past participle: swung.

Ex.: Mariona has swung at her grandparents' house. (Mariona se ha columpiado en casa de sus abuelos).

133) (to) take: coger.
Simple Past: took.
Past Participle: taken.

Ex.: John Travolta has taken the sunglasses in the film. (John Travolta ha cogido las gafas de sol en la película).

134) (to) teach: enseñar, educar.
Simple Past: taught.
Past Participle: taught.

Ex.: My father has taught me a lot of things for many years. (Mi padre me ha enseñado muchas cosas durante muchos años).

135) (to) tear: rasgar.
Simple Past: tore.
Past Participle: torn.

Ex.: The dog has torn Mary's trousers when they were playing. (El perro ha rasgado los pantalones de Mary cuando ellos estaban jugando).

136) (to) tell: contar, explicar.

Simple Past: told.
Past Participle: told.

Ex.: Sagrario has told a story to her niece. (Sagrario ha contado un cuento a su nieta).

137) (to) think: pensar.
Simple Past: thought.
Past Participle: thought.

Ex.: Timothy has thought about his girlfriend all the week-end. (Timothy ha pensado en su novia todo el fin de semana).

138) (to) throw: arrojar, tirar.
Simple Past: threw.
Past Participle: thrown.

Ex.: Your mother has thrown your old green trousers. (Tu madre ha tirado tus viejos pantalones verdes).

139) (to) thrust: introducir.
Simple Past: thrust.
Past Participle: thrust.

Ex.: Rachel has thrust the coin into the machine. (Rachel ha introducido la moneda en la máquina).

140) (to) tread: pisar, hollar.
Simple Past: trod.
Past Participle: trodden.

Ex.: Neil Armstrong has trodden the moon surface for the first time. (Neil Armstrong ha pisado la superficie de la luna por primera vez).

141) (to) understand: entender, comprender.
Simple Past: understood.
Past Participle: understood.

Ex.: Cristina has finally understood that I was angry with her. (Cristina ha entendido finalmente que yo estaba enfadada con ella).

142) (to) undergo: sufrir.
Simple Past: underwent.
Past Participle: undergone.

Ex.: The doctor's daughter has undergone a terrible illness. (La hija del médico ha sufrido una terrible enfermedad).

143) (to) undertake: emprender.
Simple Past: undertook.
Past Participle: undertaken.
Ex.: Nuria and her husband have undertaken a long trip. (Nuria y su marido han emprendido un largo viaje).

144) (to) wake: despertar/despertarse.
Simple Past: woke.
Past Participle: woken.

Ex.: I have woken up very happy with Panchi by my side. (Yo he despertado muy contenta con Panchi a mi lado).

145) (to) wear: llevar puesto, usar.
Simple Past: wore.
Past Participle: worn.

Ex.: James has worn a blue shirt this morning. (James ha llevado puesta una camiseta azul esta mañana).

146) (to) weave: tejer.
Simple Past: wove.
Past Participle: woven.

Ex.: His grandmother has woven a very nice pullover for the winter. ( Su abuela le ha tejido un jersey muy bonito para el invierno).

147) (to) weep: sollozar.
Simple Past: wept.
Past Participle: wept.

Ex.: John has wept in the cinema after the film. (John ha llorado en el cine después de la película).

148) (to) wet: mojar.
Simple Past: wet.
Past Participle: wet

Ex.: The water has wet the blanket. (El agua ha mojado la sábana).

149) (to) win: ganar.
Simple Past: won.
Past Participle: won.

Ex.: Real Madrid has won the Spanish Football Championship this year. (El Real Madrid ha ganado el Campeonato de fútbol español este año).

150) (to) wind: enrollar.
Simple Past: wound.
Past Participle: wound.

Ex.: The cook has wound the jam inside the steak. (El cocinero ha enrollado el jamón dentro del filete).

151) (to) withdraw: retirarse.
Simple Past: withdrew.
Past Participle: withdrawn.

Ex.: Mario Conde has withdrawn from the factory where he was working. (Mario Conde se ha retirado de la empresa en la que estaba trabajando).

152) (to) wring: torcer.
Simple Past: wrung.
Past Participle: wrung.

Ex.: Mary has wrung her knee when she was dancing. (Mary se ha torcido el tobillo cuando estaba bailando).

153) (to) write: escribir.
Simple Past: wrote.
Past Participle: written.

Ex.: My friend Joseph has written a very interesting novel. (Mi amigo Joseph ha escrito una novela muy interesante).

por: Albert Yesid Niño